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活跃枪手

事件呈上升趋势

据枪支暴力档案库统计，仅2023年一年，美国就发生了超过600起枪击事件。令人担忧的是，随着枪击事件的增加，以及此类事件越来越频繁地发生在人们的身边，大多数美国人身陷枪击事件的风险也在上升。鉴于几乎所有公共场所都存在潜在的安全威胁，无论身处何地，保持安全意识和警惕都比以往任何时候都更加重要。

什么是活跃枪手？

活跃枪手是指在封闭且人口密集的区域内，积极实施或试图杀人的个人。大多数情况下，活跃枪手使用枪支，且没有固定的作案手法，这导致局势瞬息万变，难以预测，并可能造成人员伤亡。其他活跃枪手的作案手段还包括刀具、车辆和简易爆炸装置。

由于枪击事件通常会在执法人员到达现场前的 10 到 15 分钟内结束，因此个人可以在心理和生理上做好准备，以应对此类事件发生的可能性，从而挽救生命。

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警惕异常迹象

While people generally do not suddenly "snap," they might gradually exhibit signs of potentially violent behavior. Identifying these behaviors early on often allows for effective management and treatment.

潜在的预警信号包括：

*注：此行为列表并不全面，也不旨在作为诊断暴力倾向的手段。

  • 酒精和/或非法药物使用量增加。

  • 旷工率不明原因上升

  • 一些模糊的身体不适症状。

  • 对自身形象和卫生的关注度明显下降。

  • 抑郁/退缩。

  • 对政策和程序变化的抵制/过度反应。

  • 屡次违反公司政策。

  • 情绪波动加剧。

  • 情绪反应明显不稳定。

  • 无缘无故地突然爆发愤怒或狂怒。

  • Suicidal; comments about “putting things in order”. 

  • Behavior which is suspect of paranoia, (“everybody is against me”). 

  • Increasingly talks of problems at home. 

  • Escalation of domestic problems into the workplace; talk of severe financial problems. 

  • Talk of earlier incidents of violence. 

  • Empathy with individuals committing violence. 

  • Increase in unsolicited comments about firearms, other dangerous weapons and violent crimes. 

根据联邦调查局的说法，在发生枪击袭击事件时：

跑步

  • Have an escape route and plan in mind. 

  • Evacuate regardless of whether others. 

  • Leave your belongings behind. 

  • Help others escape, if possible.

  • Don't attempt to move the wounded. 

  • Prevent others from entering an area with an active shooter may be.

  • Keep your hands visible. 

  • Call 911 when you are safe. 

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执法人员到达时

  • 保持冷静，并听从指示。

  • 丢下你手中的物品，例如包和外套。

  • 举起双手，张开手指。

  • 时刻保持双手可见。

  • 避免向警员做出快速动作，例如抓住警员以确保自身安全。

  • 避免指指点点、尖叫或大喊大叫。

  • 撤离时不要提问。

Run. Hide. Fight. 

Run. Hide. Fight. - Safe in Schools

This FBI training video shows patrons at a bar reacting to an active shooter incident. By employing the Run, Hide, Fight principles—as well as knowing the basics of applying Stop the Bleed techniques—individuals are prepared, empowered, and able to survive the attack.

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What to Expect When Officers Arrive

The first officers to arrive at the scene will not stop to help injured persons.  Expect rescue teams comprised of additional officers and emergency medical personnel to follow the initial officers.  These rescue teams will treat and remove any injured persons.  They may also call on able-bodied individuals to help remove the wounded from the premises. 

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  • Officers will usually arrive in teams of four (4). 

  • Officers may be wearing regular patrol uniforms, external bulletproof vests, Kevlar helmets, and other tactical equipment. 

  • Officers may be armed with rifles, shotguns, handguns. 

  • Officers may use pepper spray or tear gas to control the situation. 

  • Officers may shout commands and may push individuals to the ground for their safety. 

What to Report to Law Enforcement:

Location of the active shooter. 

Number of shooters. 

Physical description of shooter(s). 

射手所拥有的武器数量和类型。

现场潜在受害者人数。

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对帮助做出反应

​Once you have reached a safe location or an assembly point, you will likely be held in that area by law enforcement until the situation is under control, and all witnesses have been identified and questioned. Do not leave until law enforcement authorities have instructed you to do so. 

  • Remain calm & follow officers’ instructions. 

  • Put down any items you may be holding (i.e., bags, jackets) 

  • Immediately raise hands & spread fingers. 

  • Keep hands visible at all times. 

  • Avoid making quick movements toward officers' such as holding on to them for safety. 

  • Avoid pointing, screaming and/or yelling. 

  • Do not stop to ask officers for help or directions when evacuating, proceed in the direction from which officers are entering the premises. 

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工作场所发生事故后

After the active shooter has been incapacitated and is no longer a threat, human resources and/or management should engage in post-event assessments and activities, including:  

  • An accounting of all individuals at a designated assembly point to determine who, if anyone, is missing and potentially injured. 

  • Determining a method for notifying families of individuals affected by the active shooter. 

  • Assessing the psychological state of individuals at the scene and referring them to health care specialists accordingly.  

  • Identifying and filling any critical personnel positions or operational gaps left in the organization as a result of the active shooter incident. 

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Seeking Help

The psychological impacts of an active shooter incident, or other violent situations, are different for each individual. Recovery is a continuous process that occurs over short- and long-term incremental phases. If you or a loved one has been a victim or a witness in an active shooting event, please consider these resources below:  

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